2. Information and techniques

Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>

Particularly, the brand new WBQ provides: (A) studies toward profile of your participant; (B) tape off application toward period of the earlier few days from strong and you may liquid dinner, drinking water otherwise beverages regarding a semi-quantitative dinner frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 58 snacks verified to possess quoting opportunity consumption together with a lot more sugar and honey which is added to beverages; and you may (C) quote off exercise with the the latest In the world Physical activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) , and this suggestions time of physical working out at about three pastime accounts (extreme, modest, lighter do it) or inactive requirements. The latest IPAQ might have been validated before since a mix-federal device for tape physical working out [20,21,22] and to imagine time cost.

The ability and you can liquid content regarding registered snacks and you may products was analyzed utilising the Eating plan Research As well as (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, Ca, USA), which spends structure studies throughout the USDA National Mineral Databases and you will selected Greek dinners (we.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soup, numerous Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Based on overall energy consumption and energy expense, times balance is wife Pleven actually analyzed also.

Within study, “drinks” refers to fruits juice otherwise packed fruit juice 100% in place of glucose content, sugar-sweet tasting drinks (SSDs) (good fresh fruit nectar with sugar, carbonated drinks having sugar and energy/isotonic beverages), low-calorie carbonated drinks, teas and you can organic infusions, milk products (all types of whole milk, delicious chocolate milk products and you can cocoa drink), milkshake and sherbets, coffee and coffees drinks, and you will alcohol (alcohol, drink and all version of alcoholic beverages). “Take in energy intake (DEI)” makes reference to time consumption out of products “full energy consumption (TEI)” in order to energy consumption out of all source and “times consumption off dinners” so you can energy consumption off solid and you will water delicacies (elizabeth.grams., soups). Brand new sum out of beverages communities so you’re able to complete times consumption (data away from Malisova ainsi que al. 2013), displayed due to the fact total water intake (TWI), i.elizabeth., h2o of drinks, water, strong and you can fluid snacks so that as drink drinking habits (DWI), we.e., h2o from drinks and you may h2o.

step three. Mathematical Studies

Answers are displayed as the indicate ± sd on generally distributed variables and median (P25–P75) into skewed of them. Normality try checked out making use of the opportunities–probability plot (P–P patch) and you can histograms. Differences between visitors regarding the total time consumption, time off products, times out-of ingredients, times costs, times equilibrium, water intake, water out-of liquids and you can drinks, h2o out-of products, liquid of water, h2o regarding items, liquid losings and you may water harmony was basically assessed towards the separate try t-shot into the generally marketed parameters as well as the Mann-Whittney You-test to your skewed of them. Also, differences when considering the newest four quartiles of time out of beverages were examined to your that-means ANOVA F-attempt towards the usually distributed parameters while the Kruskal-Wallis H Decide to try towards the skewed of these. Value level are put at 5%. Correlations between your sum out-of beverages in order to drinking habits in the family to times inside the winter season and summer had been tested from the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s correlation coefficients to possess usually distributed or skewed details. Every statistical analyses performed playing with PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).